Tata Ace- Case Study

Promoting STRATEGIES ASSIGNMENT â€Å"TATA ACE† CASE STUDY 1) Why do we feel Tata Motors was focusing on LCV (Light Commercial Vehicle) portion under business section for TATA ACE? †††Better expressway frameworks like the Golden Quadrilateral implied that Commercial vehicles in 45+ Tons could convey mass burdens covering enormous separations in shorter time and at lower per ton per km cost. Government additionally approached the assignment of improving street organize between medium estimated urban communities and furthermore assembling all climate tertiary street arrange covering provincial towns-just littler and rough vehicles could work on these streets ( Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadhak Yojana).Increased blockage and contamination in the vast majority of the urban areas constrained the legislature to direct the development of Large/Heavy trucks (bigger than four tons) in the urban areas. Goodbye engines considered the above essential factors in deciding the req uirement for huge business vehicles for the thruways and littler sub 4 Ton classification business vehicle for working on both Inter city/Town and Intra city street network.Ruling out the chance of growing enormous business vehicles because of the significant expense of advancement and dreading loss of incomes from their specialty standard size truck fragment, Tata engines chose to create TATA ACE focusing on the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment. Additionally helping their choice procedure were some key approach activities: †Discouraging the utilization of Old. Contaminating and uneconomical vehicles Scrapping of >15 years old vehicles Ban on over-burdening of vehicle. ) Highlight the Key result of Market Research which was led before propelling TATA ACE and do we think there was a hole which can be tended to by a Product like TATA ACE? Statistical surveying including talking of more than 4000 truck and three wheeler administrators over the length and broadness of the nation featured the accompanying needs, however there was a segment which opined that even a three wheeler under TATA pennant would be invited by the market: (I) Owning cost of the vehicle ought not surpass INR 200,000/(ii) Fuel Efficiency. Diminish â€Å"per ton per km† cost. iii) Maneuverability of three wheeler however with more significant level of a. Security b. Strength c. Toughness d. Dependability e. Higher payload f. Solace of a four wheeled truck. (iv) And at long last â€Å"Personal Motivation† to drive a four wheeler to upgrade the status of administrators in the general public and in this way make transportation business visionaries . Goodbye Motors tended to all the key prerequisites of the market with TATA ACE, A four wheeler with prudent valuing, Fuel Efficient motor, pay heap of 1750 kgs and implicit security highlights including improved solace. ) How was Segmentation and Targeting accomplished for TATA ACE? As a Functional division, Tata engines concluded that the ACE would address the range of LCV to move 750 †1500 kgs more than 100-200 kms and position it between the Rickshaws/Cart and Pick up trucks; meeting the practical needs of various clients. They likewise further portioned this practical sectioned clients into four gatherings viz. , †Performance delicate (7%) o Interested in status, Brand picture and speed o Willing to follow through on greater expenses for highlights Current proprietors/administrators of bigger SUVs or vehicles. †Balanced point of view (25%) o Return on Investment o Comfort and highlights o Owners †Entrepreneurs o Purchasing three wheeler, because of nonappearance of another option. †Return on Investment touchy (55%) o Per Ton per Km cost o No incentive for Non-fiscal buy contemplations o Generally armada proprietors/administrators who recruited drivers †Acquisition cost obliged (13%) o Lacked credit o Could not manage the cost of for marginally costly vehicles. o Prefer three wheelerFinally they distinguished a gathering that couldn't bear the cost of any mechanized vehicle; utilizing bullock and pony trucks, cycle carts, manual draw trucks. Anyway this gathering after some time can go up and be a TATA ACE client. In view of practical and client division and furthermore considering likely development of the market , TATA Motors assessed and focused on: †45% of the ACE’s clients intending to buy 3 Wheeler †15% from potential pickup and LCV buyers †and 40% from first time CV buyers. 4) Explain the Marketing Mix 4P's [Product, Price, Place, Promotion] technique adjusted for TATA ACE?Product: TATA ACE was intended to address three significant client needs regarding item ie. , †Overloading capacity †2 chamber water cooled motor, in light of the demonstrated Indica diesel motor †Safety, Comfort and tasteful contemplations Price: Though the cost obviously was higher at ' 225,000 as against ' 100,000-200,000, they tended to t he Per ton per km cost. Goodbye Ace would cost Rs. 6. 70 for conveying one ton of merchandise over per km as against '7. 88, their closest rival could offer and section normal of ' 8. 54. Place:Tata engines chose to turn out in stage starting with 5 states in Western and Southern pieces of India; where the interest for three wheelers were high. They likewise benchmarked circulation organize against two and three wheeler seller arrange. In view of the information, they grew new vendor design called 1S (Sales), as against customary 3S business organize. Each current Tata Motors 3S Dealer (Sales, Service and Spares) was required to set up 8 to 20 1S places in their district and staff them with existing representatives. Inside 3 months 300 new dissemination focuses were set up.Promotion: Tata engines utilized both Print and TV media to position and advance the item. †Chota Hathi †Symbol of Power, Reliability and â€Å"Mini† item A kid hurrying to class, Wife seeing off for the afternoon, Off to Work in Tata Ace and Going to School in Tata Ace. Additionally their situating articulations viz. , o India’s first Mini truck o Small is Big o Stability and Trust of enormous truck o Economic freedom o Feel great about hit o Transportation at the last mile 5) What is the present pattern of TATA ACE. Who are their rivals and propose a future advances taken for TATA ACE?Present day contenders are : †Mahindra Gio †Mahindra Maxximo †Piagio Ape Mini Truck Force Trump Minidor. A couple of steps recommended for TATA ACE to keep on being the top dealer are: †Continue to enhance and ring in changes to make the vehicle more eco-friendly. Increment motor torque to show execution in uneven locales Continue to control expenses and offer serious cost to clients Increase Go Green activity with increment in ENG and Electric drive variations Target trade advertise forcefully; with the two highlights and better evaluating.

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Real Oxbridge Interview Questions Answered Music

Real Oxbridge Interview Questions Answered Music The OE Blog Although it is sometimes thought of at school level as one of the less academic subjects, when it comes to Oxbridge, music is just as challenging and intellectual a course as any other. This can often lead prospective interviewees to feel extremely anxious about their interview, as they are often unsure what form it will take and what kind of discussion will be expected of them. This week’s real Oxbridge interview question, from interviewer Dan Grimley at Merton College, Oxford, should put nervous candidates’ minds at rest! “If you could invent a new musical instrument, what kind of sound would it make?” Use Your Imagination On the Oxford University website where this question is published, Grimley acknowledges how open-ended it is, and explains that he is looking for imagination and critical thought, rather than a single ‘right’ answer. So don’t be afraid to show your imaginative range â€" music is a creative subject and there are unlikely to be many absolute right and wrong answers in your interview. Some candidates, when they get very nervous, feel that they have to speak in very academic terms and suppress their creative flair. So remember to open up, be brave and let your imagination take the subject to new and different levels. Don’t be afraid to suggest any ideas you have, even if they might sound zany or unusual! Go Back to Basics A great technique for almost any Oxbridge interview is to start from the most basic knowledge you have that relates to the question and then build up a response from there. This technique is very effective for two reasons â€" it helps you to stay calm under pressure, giving you time to work out a strong, sensible answer backed up by evidence, and it also allows you to showcase your range of knowledge and thought processes to the interviewer. So even if you don’t end up with a perfect solution, you have showed your ability to use your musical knowledge to reason and try to find a solution to the question and demonstrated your competence with simpler concepts along the way. In this case, it would be worthwhile starting by considering the types of sounds made by voices and existing instruments, and perhaps talking about the range of tone and quality of these sounds before moving on to consider how some of these existing sounds might be altered or extended to create a new one. Think Outside the (Opera) Box The website stresses that interviewees are encouraged to respond with examples of all kinds of music, not just classical instruments and styles. It is a very common mistake to assume that just because Oxbridge is old and prestigious, it will also be stuffy and pretentious. Tutors will be interested to hear about your own musical interests and influences, so don’t hold back from discussing a broad and eclectic range of styles, including modern music. Showing that you are able to embrace and appreciate a whole range of musical styles from across different genres and time periods should impress interviewers and demonstrate your eagerness to learn about the full spectrum of the course.

The Searchers Essay - 2099 Words

Development and adaptation of the western genre has occurred throughout the twentieth century in relation to the shift in context, this is still relevant. Stereotypes of a western genre and the context are determined by the time in which the film is being produced. The time in which they were produced determine how social construction, gender ideas, values and attitudes, the setting and SWAT codes are demonstrated. I have chosen to present this speech by looking at the film studied in class, and a film of my choice and how the difference in context has changed in the tie of these two films. Changes and developments in the context can be recognized and analyzed when looking at an example from the 20th century and one from the 21st†¦show more content†¦This is similar to the opening scene of The Searchers because, both scenes are isolated, in both movies the characters are alone or civilization is too far, they lie in the quite part of things. They both open with a suspenseful mood. Conflict is present in the both of the films, heroes and villains present. Moving onto gender roles and ideas, these characteristics in genders are needed in any sort of story to suit the values and attitudes of the people of that time. Gender stereotypes are a major piece to the puzzle of a film. Women are generally seen as less dominant, pushovers, the cares of everyone and that they have no independence. Whist men are seen as the more dominant, masculine, heroes, brave and courageous. This is across all genres of movies, the girl is the damsel in distress and the boy ends up saving her at the end of it. These stereotypes were strongly enforced when in The Searchers the Reverend comes to the family’s house to announce that the father is setting off with him to battle the Indians. The men are looked after, they have their coats taken off them and they are served food and drink, whereas the woman re running around after them ensure they’re satisfied, when the men set off the women collect for them there hat and give them to the men leaving. This is a perfect example of the typical housewife stereotype in a western film. The women were always the carers and the men were the bread winners, this scene demonstrates theShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis : The Searchers1624 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Analysis-The Searchers Dean Childs ENG 225 Allison Sansbury November 10, 2014 The Searchers Throughout this class, various discussions and blogs have been used to analyze the different elements of films such as theme, cinematic techniques and genre. It is time to bring all of these separate elements together in the analysis of one specific film, according to class text, â€Å"analyzing levels of meaning below the surface story can greatly enhance enjoyment as well as understanding ofRead MoreThe Searchers By John Ford1912 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Ford’s 1956 film, The Searchers, is a classic Western tale set in the staked plains, post-Civil War era. Like most of John Ford’s Western films, The Searchers is also filmed in Monument Valley, Arizona/Utah. John Ford first introduces Ethan Edwards (John Wayne) returning on horseback to his brother, Aaron Edwards’s (Walter Coy) house three years after the Civil War. Ethan is introduced to Martin Pawley (Jeffery Hunter), the adopted son of Mr. and Mrs. Edwards. The film moves forward when RevRead MoreAn alysis Of The Movie The Searchers1095 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the movie, The Searchers, it portrays a more idealized version of the whole great romanticized American West than a challenged version. Throughout the movie, Uncle Ethan is depicted as some determined cowboy who is willing to do and give anything to get his family back and prove his loyalty to them. He even goes to great lengths to hunt and kill the Indians just to get back what is his. He challenges the romanticized American West a little when it comes to making some decisions you wouldn’tRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film The Searchers 1078 Words   |  5 Pages‘The Searchers,’ the 1956 cinematic classic, is widely considered a ‘true American masterpiece of filmmaking, and the best, most influential, and perhaps most-admired film of director John Ford’ . Starring famed Western actor, John Wayne, the films consists of several themes, including the American identity, the opposition betwee n civilization, and the contrast between the untamed frontier wilderness and the civilised, family unit, focused around the protagonist, Ethan Edwards. This central characterRead More John Fords The Searchers Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Fords The Searchers A critical theory by Robin Wood posits that the filmic genres popularized by the Hollywood system are not discrete, but represent different strategies for dealing with the same ideological tensions. (478) Wood claims that conventional theories fail to address this ideological phenomenon, and proposes a search for the myths and contradictions, produced by American capitalism, which fuel disparate filmic genres. Woods attempt to discuss this ideology lists the componentsRead MoreComparing Dances with Wolves with The Searchers600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Searchers The Native American culture is something that is cherished by their people. â€Å"Perhaps no other group of people has quite the rich and storied culture as those of the Native Americans. They have a history rich in struggle, strife, and triumph (Native American Culture).† Dances with Wolves, directed by Kevin Costner in 1990, is about a white man who becomes interested in the Native American culture and decides to befriend fellow an Indian tribe (Dances with Wolves). The Searchers by JohnRead MoreAll the Pretty Horses vs. the Searchers1288 Words   |  6 PagesAll the Pretty Horses/The Searchers The ideal American West or in other words Hollywoods West is described as being a life of adventure, one with beautiful scenery, and a world made up of brave, rough, intuitive, fearless cowboys. Cormac McCarthys All the Pretty Horses challenges and at times romanticizes the description of the ideal American West, whereas, John Fords film The Searchers romanticizes the description of the ideal American West. This is shown through their description ofRead MoreThe Searchers Narrative Structure Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesBoy to Man: The Searchers Through the Eyes of Martin Pawley The narrative structure of John Ford’s The Searchers is centered primarily around the actions and knowledge of men. Throughout the movie, men are the figures of action, they are out scouring the land for lost loved ones while the women stay home and wait with hope. In The Searchers, just as with any search, the limiting factor involved is knowledge. Ethan, the main character, begins the movie as the leader of the searchers. His assumed roleRead MoreEssay on The Similarities of Native Lands in The Searchers and Avatar814 Words   |  4 Pagesthis. Even though these movies are completely different and filmed in different time periods, they have many similarities and show many concepts of how certain natives are invaded, not treated well, or even killed. These two movies are called The Searchers and Avatar. The first settlers arrived in New England in 1620. They wanted to live in peace with the Natives. Problems began because settlers and the Natives had different views for the land. Settlers wanted to own large amounts of land because owningRead MoreAll The Pretty Horses And The Searchers Comparison1113 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Cormac McCarthys All the Pretty Horses and John Fords The Searchers depict a  ¨cowboy ¨ going on an adventure, but each shows the myth of the cowboy in very different lights. The Searchers shows John Wayne as a great man loyal to his family who will do anything to protect them. McCarthy shows the cowboy John Grady as a boy who wants to chase the dream of the life of a cowboy. These differences are very similar to the more major contrast between the novel and the movies’ views on the myth of

Whats Actually Going on with Samples of Compare and Contrast Essay Collefe Level

What's Actually Going on with Samples of Compare and Contrast Essay Collefe Level Samples of Compare and Contrast Essay Collefe Level Features Compare and contrast essay is widely utilized in many different types of writing assignments. If you are requested to compose an essay that's informative then never submit something which is a compare and contrast essay. Our example essay may also help you to understand how to use various style of writing. Much like descriptive essay examples and other sorts of academic essays, a comparative essay can be produced in various ways. After the essay requires a large number of approaches to explore, it's important to understand how to organize it correctly in an effort to guarantee easy reading. It is one of the major ways you can distinguish yourself. If so, you're in for writing a great essay. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. Writing custom essays won't be an issue anymore if you obey the easy steps below. Writing tips will allow you to organize the outline and compose the essay. Also, you should carefully look at the marking rubrics before you commence writing. Samples of Compare and Contrast Essay Collefe Level Can Be Fun for Everyone As a way to draw a chart you should comprehend the characteristics of the things to be compared. Simply simply by purchasing compare and contrast topics around, it's possible to truly sense certain your personal written piece is totally original then there's virtually not any copied material within it. Both have a broad selection of expensive, elegant restaurants in addition to a similar quantity of global and national chains. Let's use the case of reviewing three different on-line newspapers. Samples of Compare and Contrast Essay Collefe Level and Samples of Compare and Contrast Essay Collefe Level - The Perfect Combination If you'll write a comparative essay, you want to get a notion of the impacts of distinct aspects to the result that you could get at the conclusion of the writing activity. You don't necessarily must analyze the life span of people from the exact same region or field of activity. In the example of deficiency of the time you're ready to get an inexpensive dissertation. As there is greater population in the city and there may be many more diversities, like the religion, the background and the belief and so forth. Discuss famous men and women who have an effect on the life of humanity. At the same time that you may be someone who can begin an essay off of the surface of your head free of problem, a lot of people find it simpler to sit down and write out an outline before beginning. Should you do, you can achieve whatever you want in life. A good example will give a general idea. What's Truly Happening with Samples of Compare and Contrast Essay Collefe Level You only have to order a very good essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in an assortment of fields. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. You may be having essay topics that are tough to research or that require research materials which aren't readily offered. Try to remember, much like in different kinds of essays, thorough research is extremely relevant here, too. It's common to be assigned to compose essays in every area of study, not just when taking a composition class. In the debut, you've got to provide some background information regarding the subject of your thesis before you proceed to discuss your points. When you have the title and aspects to compare but without a definite number of criteria to cover similarities and differences, you've got to brainstorm. The approach depends upon the character of your subject Significance not only must you to clarify the value of the primary topic, but in addition mention the importance of comparisons or contrasts. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. The writers would need to establish the format to be used but it is not possible for them to use both of the formats concurrently. Pick the topic in which you believe that you're confident of the start and more confident of leading it to a suitable conclusion. You may also offer your individual views about the subject and the result in the conclusion of the poetry essays. By doing this you can find a far better pictures of the essay which you ought to write about. So as to continue to keep your essay informative and engaging, you will want to source for factual information which not only impresses the reader but also teaches them something they might not have already known. A strong essay is going to have an opening paragraph that comes with a thesis statement and a concluding paragraph. Writing poetry essays is not everybody's cup of tea because not everyone is able to understand different concepts hidden behind poetry.

Experiment on Photocromism and Piezochromism Free Essays

Introduction This experiment investigates an oxidative coupling reaction in an to synthesis thermodynamically dimmer from 2,4,5-trippingly-1 H-immediate. The resulting compound was investigated for both photometric and piezoelectric properties by way of formation of a stable radical, utilizing visual observations and UP-Visas as a means of distinction. Both the oxidative coupling reaction and the dimmers interaction with light re depicted In the reactions in figure 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Experiment on Photocromism and Piezochromism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Figure 1 : Oxidative Coupling reaction of 2,4,5-trippingly-1 H-imitated Experimental Ethanol (mall), potassium hydroxide (8. Egg, 2. Moll) and water (ml) were added in order to H-imitated (0. Egg, 3. Moll). The mixture was stirred until clear before It was cooled to 5 co. A solution of potassium Africanized (3. 0021 g, 9. Moll), water (mall) and ethanol (mall) was prepared and added drowses Into the mixture ensuring the temperature did not rise above 10 co. A grey precipitate was Isolated from the yellow mixture through vacuum filtration and washed with water (ml x 5) and 50% aqueous ethanol. The mixture was dried under vacuum suction and the melting point was determined. Yield: 0. Egg, 90. 8% m. P-199. 8-200. ICC. A portion of the dimmer (0. 0305 g, 0. Molotov) was quantitatively dissolved in ml of toluene. The solution was left for min until colorless. The UP- Visas spectra was recorded for the colorless sample. How to cite Experiment on Photocromism and Piezochromism, Papers

Roman History Essays - First Triumvirate, Julius Caesar,

Roman History Roman History Roman Republican politicians were drawn largely from an ancient elite of wealthy families. These families, known as the nobility, dominated access to the consulships; between them they held over 80% of the consulships in the last century of the Republic. Active politics took place within this framework, and was characterised largely by personal and political feuds between individual members of the elite. Because this elite was defined by office holding (the nobility consisted of those descended from consuls), political activity took place within a context of magistracies and public events. Individual members of the nobility had to pursue careers in politics, not just from their own ambition, but to preserve the standing of their families: the Sergii in the middle years of the republic, and the Fabii towards the end are two examples of famous families shrunken in power. The ideal political career was set out in the Lex Villia of 180 BC: military service in one's twenties, quaestor at thirty (conferring membership in the Senate), aedile or tribune in one's mid-thirties, praetor at 39 and consul at 42. But the question arises: how were Roman politicians able to gain election to these offices and thus be politically successful? The essential ingredient for an aspirant politician, whatever his family background, was wealth: the Roman elite was a moneyed elite. Constant outlay was important in public life: a politician had to spend freely on his clients, on his household, on slaves (particularly gladiators, for personal protection) and on investment. The expenses for elections were also astronomical. Candidates had to provide themselves with a magnificent retinue and had to provide spectacles and gifts for the populace: chariot races, theatrical shows, wild beast hunts and particularly gladiators. Direct bribery was also common, and represented a massive outlay - in the late 60s, Caesar had accumulated debts of several thousand talents due to his aedileship, his praetorian campaign, and his pontifical campaign. In cases of prosecution, wealth was also necessary to bribe jurors, and all this wealth had to come from somewhere -normally the hapless provincials. Indeed, by the late Republic it was a standard joke that a governor had to amass three fortunes: one to pay for his election expenses, one to bribe the jury for his extortion trial, and the third to keep. In most cases, a candidate's pedigree was also important. As many statistical studies have shown (particularly those of Broughton, Badian and Gruen), the nobility dominated access to the consulship. Most of the other consuls came from long established praetorian or senatorial families: the actual New Man (one without any senatorial antecedents who gained the consulship) was a very rare creature: the most famous cases were Marius and Cicero. The importance of good breeding was such that Cicero could describe Ahenobarbus as consul-designate from the cradle. However, the important question is why nobility meant so much. The matter was partly one of actual influence - the amount of clientage and money one could bring to bear. But there were other factors, such as the friendliness of powerful politicians (Ti. Gracchus being the most important example), previous military success (Sulla in the 90s) or the public reputation of one's family (Scipio Aemilianus in 148). One necessity for ensuring election to important posts or for securing legislation was the support of other members of the nobility. In many cases, the factor that secured the election of a candidate was the support of powerful politicians, who the candidate would be expected to help while in office. The most obvious examples are Pompey's pet consuls in 61-58, who were able to secure his land legislation, but probable others include Catulus in 102 (for Marius), and L. Scipio in 190 (for his brother). In other cases, a broader familial or factional support base can be guessed at, such as with Hortensius in 69, Sulla in 88 or Bibulus in 59. These were all cases in which sharp political issues informed campaigns. However, there were also cases in which obligations and friendships (referring to political friendship or amicitia) had been built up over time. The classic example is Cicero, who despite being a New Man, was elected senior consul in suo anno in 63, simply by having a large group of grateful defendants whose support he could call on, and by having very few enemies. These horizontal connections within the elite also had to be supplemented by vertical connections with the lower orders of Roman society. The most enduring and stable of these connections was that of clientage. Roman politicians could call on their clients to campaign for them, solicit for them and even fight

Why Does My Knee Feel Like It Wants to Pop

Why Does My Knee Feel Like It Wants to Pop SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Does your knee feel like it needs to pop and you can’t get the sensation to go away? What’s causing this feeling, and what can you do about it? In this guide, we explain why your knee feels like it needs to pop, if you should see a doctor about it, the five most common causes behind your knee feeling like it needs to pop, and how to get relief from this problem. Is It Bad If My Knee Feels Like It Needs to Pop? Should I See a Doctor? If your knee feels like it wants to pop is that a sign of a serious medical problem? Should you see a doctor about it? Fortunately, when your knee feels like it wants to pop, the cause is usually not serious. Rest and home remedies are usually enough to make the issue go away. However, there are some cases when a knee that feels like it needs to pop can indicate a more serious problem. See a doctor if you have any of these symptoms and your knee feels like it needs to pop: The issue has been going on for a long time and hasn’t improved The issue has recently gotten worse You can’t complete normal movements (walking, sitting) because of your knee You can’t straighten your leg completely You recently injured your knee You’ve had knee surgery There’s significant pain or swelling As mentioned above, it’s rare for a knee that feels like it needs to pop to be a serious medical condition. In the next section we discuss the most likely causes behind the issue. The Top 5 Reasons Your Knee Feels Like It Wants to Pop Below are the top five reasons your knee feels like it wants to pop, in order of most common to less common. For each one we describe what the condition is, what causes it, what common symptoms are, and how it can be treated. Runner’s Knee (Chondromalacia Patella) Runner’s knee is the most common cause of your knee feeling like it needs to pop. Although it is a common issue among runners, this condition can happen to anyone, especially those who exercise a lot or do work that requires frequent knee-bending. Runner’s knee occurs when the soft cartilage under the kneecap breaks down. This cartilage helps keep the knee joint moving smoothly and also helps strengthen the knee so it can carry your body weight when you walk. Runner’s knee often causes your knee joint to become weaker and less stable. It may also prevent your knee from moving as easily as it did before, so your knee may feel like it wants to pop, or you may actually feel your knee popping into place when you move it. Over time, this issue can cause arthritis in the knee if it isn’t treated. Common symptoms of runner’s knee include: Aching pain in the kneecap, especially during exercise Pain when walking downhill or downstairs Pain when bending your knee Swelling Treatment Rest, ice, and elevation are often enough to alleviate symptoms, but if the problem is serious or doesn’t go away, your doctor may recommend physical therapy or (rarely) surgery. Bursitis A bursa is a sac of fluid that cushions bones and tendons. Your body has multiple bursae, including one under each kneecap. Bursitis of the knee (also known as Housemaid’s Knee) occurs when the bursa becomes inflamed. This may be due to overuse of the knee, especially in the kneeling position. Common symptoms of bursitis include: Pain Redness Tenderness Swelling A popping sensation or noise when kneeling or standing up Treatment Rest, ice, and pain medication are usually enough to reduce the symptoms of bursitis, but if you feel you need more treatment, your doctor may recommend physical therapy, steroid injections, and/or aspiration (draining fluid from the knee). Baker’s Cyst Another potential cause of your knee feeling like it needs to pop is a cyst. A cyst occurs when part of the fluid in a joint is pushed into a sac of tissue. The sac bulges out, creating a cyst. Cysts in the knee are typically Baker’s Cysts, and they usually form behind the knee. These cysts may be caused by injury, arthritis, or an unknown cause. Common symptoms of cysts include: A visible bump around the knee (though not always) Swelling behind the knee Slight pain behind the knee, especially when bending or straightening your leg Tightness or stiffness Treatment A Baker’s cyst itself is usually not a cause for concern, and they often go away on their own. However, if the cyst is causing you pain or discomfort, you can have it drained or surgically removed. Arthritis Many people believe that arthritis is a problem only older people have, but it can occur at any age, especially if you exercise a lot, have a family history of arthritis, or have had an injury. Osteoarthritis of the knee occurs when the cartilage that cushions joints begins to wear away and the surfaces of the two bones begin to rub together. This can lead to pain, stiffness, and a knee that feels like it needs to pop as the joints move together roughly. Common symptoms of arthritis include: Pain that increases when you are active Stiffness in the joint Difficulty fully extending the knee Warmth and swelling in the joint A creaking or crackling sound when you move your knee Treatment There are numerous options for treating arthritis, some of which include physical therapy, wearing a knee brace, taking pain medication, and getting injections of steroids or hyaluronic acid into the knee. ACL Injury The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is one of the four main ligaments in your knee that connects your femur bone to your tibia bone. Your ACL helps keep your knee stable. The ACL is one of the most commonly injured ligaments, and injuries can range from minor tears to the ligament tearing completely away from the bone. ACL injuries usually happen suddenly, often when exercising or playing a sport. You will likely begin to experience pain and other symptoms right away. If you have a serious ACL injury, you probably have much more serious symptoms than a popping knee, such as severe pain and the inability to walk. However, a minor ACL injury can make your knee feel like it needs to pop because the joint isn’t properly stable. Common symptoms of ACL injuries include: Feeling or hearing a pop at the time of injury Pain on the back and outside of knee Swelling Limited knee movement Knee feeling weak or unstable Treatment Physical therapy can be done for minor ACL injuries, but surgery is usually required for serious injuries to the ACL. How to Soothe Your Knee As mentioned above, you can usually stop your knee from feeling like it needs to pop and reduce the chance of it feeling that way again by using home remedies, although a doctor’s visit and/or physical therapy may also be needed. When you have a knee that feels like it needs to pop, the best way to make it feel better isn’t by popping it (which often isn’t possible), but by reducing strain and pressure on the knee. Below are four of the best ways to get relief. Rest The best treatment for your knee is rest. Almost all causes of a knee that feels like it needs to pop are at least some way related to overuse of the knee. Taking a break from whatever physical activities you do that put strain on your knee may be enough to stop it feeling like it needs to pop. If you can’t completely cut out physical activity, try wearing a knee brace to alleviate stress and take frequent breaks. If your exercise regularly, you can also try switching to a lower-impact form of exercise, such as swimming or running on an elliptical. Ice Ice is another way to help your knee recover, and it’s especially effective if you have pain, redness, or swelling in your knee. Ice your knee for 15 minutes at a time, at least twice a day, until the symptoms go away or are reduced. Elevation Elevating your knee can also reduce pain and swelling and stop your knee from feeling like it needs to pop. While laying on your back, prop your foot up so your affected knee is higher than your hips. Do this for at least 1-2 hours a day if possible (it’s good to do while reading or watching TV so you have something to do) to help alleviate your symptoms. Exercises You can also try certain exercises designed to â€Å"pop† your knee or get it to stop feeling like it needs to pop, although these aren’t guaranteed to solve the problem. One option is a quadriceps stretch, where you put one arm out in front of you for balance and use the other arm to grab the ankle of the same-side leg and lift your leg towards your buttocks. Quad muscles help in lifting the knee, so stretching them can help pop the knee or alleviate pressure on it. Another exercise is leg lifts. For these, lie flat on your back with your unaffected leg bent up and your leg with the affected knee flat on the ground. Slowly lift your leg on the ground straight up until your thighs are parallel, hold the position for a moment, then slowly lower it to the ground. Repeat this about 20 times, stopping sooner if you feel pain or discomfort. Conclusion: It Feels Like My Knee Needs to Pop If your knee feels like it wants to pop, you may be worried that it’s the sign of a serious medical condition. Fortunately, the cause is usually overuse of the knee, and it often goes away with rest, although you should see a doctor if your symptoms are severe. If your knee feels like it needs to pop, there are several common causes: Runner’s knee Bursitis Baker’s cyst Arthritis of the knee ACL injury For most of these, home remedies are enough to treat the issue, although you may need physical therapy or surgery for more severe injuries. To help soothe your knee, the most important thing is to rest it to relieve strain and pressure. You can also ice it, elevate it, and try exercises when your knee feels like it needs to pop.

Brachylogy - Short and Sweet

Brachylogy - Short and Sweet Definition Brachylogy is a  rhetorical term for a concise or condensed form of expression in speech or writing. Contrast with: battology. Also known as  breviloquence. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AbbreviationAsyndetonBrevityConcisenessEllipsisGappingZeugma EtymologyFrom the Greek, short speech Examples and Observations Brachylogia. . . . Brevity of diction; abbreviated construction; word or words omitted. A modern theorist differentiated this use from ellipsis in that the elements missing are more subtly, less artificially, omitted in ellipsis.(Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1991)My very photogenic mother died in a freak accident (picnic, lightning) when I was three, and, save for a pocket of warmth in the darkest past, nothing of her subsists within the hollows and dells of memory . . ..(Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita, 1955)Brachylogia is not always a vice. Sometimes its obscurity is the price paid for convenient brevity, or signals euphemism or irony. Ex: coffee-break (a break in which to have coffee); a social disease (one contracted through close [social] contact). Brachylogia is of great help to the novelist in avoiding repetition of the declarative verbs (to say, etc.).(Bernard Marie Dupriez, A Dictionary of Literary Devices. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1991) brachylogia (brachiologia; brachylogy; brachiology) Concision of speech or writing; thus also any condensed form of expression, as for example when Antony in Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra tells a messenger Grates me; the sum, meaning This is annoying me; get to the point of what you have to say. The term is most often applied to expressions involving the omission of conjunctions, as in the figure known as asyndeton.(Chris Baldick, The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. Oxford Univ. Press, 2008) Pronunciation: brak-i-LOH-ja, bre-KIL-ed-zhee Alternate Spellings: brachylogia

Self-Efficacy Tools in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Assignment

Self-Efficacy Tools in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus - Assignment Example In Type 1 diabetes mellitus there is an autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells and insulin is not synthesized in adequate amounts. While in case of Type II diabetes mellitus, the liberated insulin fails to act due to dysfunction of insulin receptor and hence GLUT 4 transporters are not upregulated in the cell membrane from the cytoplasm. Under this condition, glucose cannot enter the cells and cannot be used a source of energy, which leads to the breakdown of alternate sources like protein and fats in the cells. Further increased blood glucose creates an increased osmotic gradient and diuresis occur in the renal tubules and patient offer suffers from hypovolemic shock (Albisser et al., 2001) (Spellman, 2009). Although various factors both external and internal contribute to the increased levels of blood glucose in the body, it has been widely accepted that proper self-care and lifestyle modifications to alleviate the complications of both Types I or Type II diabetes mell itus(Albisser et al., 2001) (Spellman, 2009). Psychosocial factors like depression and emotional issues have been correlated with self-care behaviors and have shown to negatively impact the glycemic control. Studies have also reflected the associations between the emotional condition and self-care behaviors that negatively impact HB1Ac levels (Cohen, Shmukler, Ullman, Rivera & Walker, 2010). The associations between the self-care activities and diabetic control are measured by regression equations which predict the value of one variable from the value of another and also the way one variable impacts another variable positively or negatively (Michelis et al., 2010). With these guiding principles, a group of community clinicians noted an increase in the prevalence of hyperglycemia and other complications of diabetes mellitus.  

Z302-summary 4 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Z302-summary 4 - Article Example For example previous research lacks emphasis on approach of terminal integration and different diversity values. Their research even shows that similar methods of diversity can not be implemented in different contexts and diversity management needs to be conducted in accordance to the context of the organization. They state that different organization has different cultures and operations and diversity management should be conducted while given emphasis to these elements. Their research even proposes that the approach of diversity management can help in identifying the nature of the effect of diversity on performance of different organizations. The research states that an organization can adopt a diversity management approach but they need to change their approach with changes in the environment and when organizations experience change they need to change their approach of diversity management. Lastly the research even provides insight to different stake holders such as researchers o n how organization can alter their diversity management approach to attain effective and efficient programs of diversity management. Olsen, J.E, and L.L Martins. "Understanding Organizational Diversity Management Programs: a Theoretical Framework and Directions for Future Research." Journal of Organizational Behavior. 33.8 (2012): 1168-1187.

System Requirment Specifications For Online Courier Information Technology Essay

System Requirment Specifications For Online Courier Information Technology Essay J.W Couriers has recently launched offices in the Wrexham area. It is an self governing company operating in North Wales and North West England. The company has no connection with any other national operation so in order to compete it supplies a manageable operation. In addition to the normal collection and delivery of parcels, it concentrate on legal documents, urgent medical supplies, sensitive material, valuable cargo, hazardous loads, contract work, etc. Site Goals: Allowing the customer to create an account Allowing the customer to request a quote for a collection/delivery service. Allowing the user to track Parcel from collection to the final destination. Allowing the admin to register a new user. Allowing the admin to add a new parcel location. Allowing the Quotes for different Parcel Types. Accept/Reject Customer Request. View the different types of Quotes. Adding the Branches for different Warehouses. Allowing the user change his/her personal details. Audience: Every project has its own trend to its audience. Due to massive usage of web (internet) is easy to carry out many kinds of business in online. . Audience for this type of business are the people who require the courier service to collect/deliver the goods from one place to another. By asking the jobs and quoting the price in online. The audience must know how to use the internet and how to quote the price. B. Competition Analysis: List of organizations: BLUEDART (http://www.bluedart.com/): ROYAL MAIL (http://www.royalmail.com/portal/rm): TNT (http://www.tnt.com/): Critical Evaluation: BLUEDART: BLUEDART authorize courier services internationally. It supplies different types of courier services for customers like normal delivery, express delivery and so. This website has good shipping structure. It provides search to find related content in the website. But the website lacks the consistent look. It does not have correct styles. It allows the customer to get the rate and time quote. It also provides techniques to track the location of order and contains many other features. ROYALMAIL: ROYALMAIL is one of the biggest courier services which provide its services internationally. It provides services like Logistics, mail, Parcel and other services to the customer. The website of this organization provides many features to the customers. It is well organized with good shipping system. It provides different mechanisms for the customer to track, trade, account management, Estimate duties and taxes. It also supplies content in different types of text sizes. TNT: TNT is courier service provides its service internationally. It includes two kinds of services TNT post and TNT express. It provides very limited features in the website like tracking and tracing the order, account management and request quote. The website is well organized and had good consistent look comparing to the above two. It also provides sitemap for easy site navigation. Like ROYALMAIL it provides content in different text sizes and allows the customers to print the text. Content decision: Existing system: The existing has following drawbacks. It is less user-friendly. It is having lots of manual work (Manual system does not mean that you are working with pen and paper, it also include working on spread sheets and other simple softwares). The present system is very less secure. It cannot provide online registration. It does not have tracking mechanism Proposed system By considering the problems in the existing developed the new system providing with different interface. By this new system user having flexibility like online registration The development of the new system contains the following activities, which try to automate the entire process keeping in view of the database integration approach. User friendliness is provided in the application with various controls. The system makes the overall project management much easier and flexible. It can be accessed over the Internet. There is no risk of data mismanagement at any level while the project development is under process. It provides high level of security using different protocols like https etc. Tracking Mechanism is available in this application. Task 3: Critical Evaluation: JW courier website was primarily designed to provide courier services for the customers by allowing them to quote in online. This website was designed to solve the problems in existing website, which does not provide the following No. of Modules Administrator Customer Authentication Registration Search Public User Modules Description Administrator: Administrator has the complete control of the project. The admin module will be used by the administrator of this portal; she/he can manage the Warehouse details and Branch Details. He can accept or reject the Customer requests. Admin can accept or reject the Parcel Requests. She/he can add the quotes for particular parcel. He can add the all Country details and states. Customer: Customer must fill the registration details before login. Customer can also manage his/her profile. He/she can View the all Quotes. He/she can also request to Particular parcel and search the particular parcel Track Id. Authentication: Authentications process of granting or denying access to a Web based Application. It is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be. Authentication is commonly done through the use of credentials i.e. user name and passwords Search: This module is used to search the required information. Search for Parcel Track Id. Registration: The system has a process of registration. Every user need to submit their complete details including user name and password in the form of registration. Whenever a user registration completed then only a user can get log in into the system by using his user id and password. Public User: Public User can view the only what available in this site. Whenever public user open the site he can get some functionalities like About Us, Contact us and what opportunities are available. Public User can also Login to the site but he should fill the Register form according to the Requirements after that he can logon to the site. No. of users Administrator Customer Public Users INPUT OUTPUT The following some are the projects inputs and outputs. Inputs: Admin enters the credentials. Admin preserves the Countries and States. Member Details store in Central database. Manager preserves the Warehouses and Branches for particular Warehouse. Customer can add the all the Quotes. Customer should register into the site. Output: Admin can view User Registration details. Admin can view the details of the Parcel requests from the Customers. Customer can view his/her personal Details. Admin can view the Customer details (Accept/Reject). Customer can view the status of the Parcel using Track Id. The case study JW courier service is to design a website for the organization to provide courier services for the customers online. The main purpose of the project is to design a complete website to solve the problems in the existing website of the JW courier services. Each problem in existing project are solved in following ways: The existing website does not provide help for the customer. So the proposed solution was developed to provide help using chatting. Does not allow the customer to register so the proposed solution was developed to provide registration for the customer. It does not have tracking mechanism to track the order locations Admin module to add new location to the order to track order location It does not provide the customer to quote the orders online. So the proposed solution should solve the problem by allowing the customer to quote online and view previous quotes. Does not provide admin module to price the quotes ordered by the customers. So the proposed solution should provide admin to price the quotes. Development architecture Our project architecture generally contains the following components 1. UI or Presentation Layer, 2. Business Access Layer (BAL) or Business Logic Layer 3. Data Access Layer (DAL). The pictorial representation of the architecture as shown below: Presentation Layer (UI): Presentation layer contains pages like .aspx form where data is presented to the user or input is taken from the user. Business Access Layer (BAL) or Business Logic Layer: BAL contains business logic, validations or calculations related with the data, if needed. We will call it Business Access Layer in our project. Data Access Layer (DAL): DAL contains methods that helps business layer to connect the data and perform required action, might be returning data or manipulating data in the database. Feasibility study Technical feasibility The proposed/developed system is a web application and does not require any additional software requirements except hosting. A web hosting company hosts the web application in their web servers. Any client (end-user) with an internet connection and a web browsing software (at client side) can immediately start accessing/using the system. So, the system does not need any installation/setup procedure. Hence, the system is functionally feasible. Economic feasibility Author (project stakeholder) does not need to purchase any software and hardware to host the developed system. Web hosting companies purchase and maintain all necessary hardware and software for hosting the websites. Author has to pay only hosting charges to the hosting company. When it comes to the end-user, he/she does not need to purchase any software to use the website. Now-a-days every computerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s operating system is providing built in web browser and so many web browsing software products are available in the market for free. Only the cost that the author should bare is cost of development. Before starting the development, the development team estimates cost of development depends on the features asked by the client. If any new features to be added as per the new requirements of the client, cost of new additions are submitted to the client and after getting the confirmation from the client the new features will be added by the development team. Development team will take care of in-time delivery of the project to avoid excess cost of development due to delay. Hence, the proposed system is economically feasible. Operational feasibility This is about acceptance of the new system by the existing end-users and employees of the system and author. The website is aiming at employees and now-a-days all of them are aware of web browsing. If any person does not have any idea of web browsing, he/she will be trained to use the system within one hour time. So, the system can easily be accepted by any kind of end-user. Hence the proposed system is technically feasible.

Climate Change Migration

IDEM reported that disasters such as floods, storms and earthquakes triggered the displacement of over 15 million, more than 90% of which were related to climate or extreme weather events. Displacement related to slow-onset disasters, Including drought and long-term processes of environmental degradation and habitat loss displace many more, but Is UN-quantified.International Organization for Migration The links between climate change and migration, however, are complicated and still poorly understood. Such changes are rarely unique drivers of population escapement. They are one significant determinant, in conjunction with economic, social and political factors, and usually linked to existing vulnerabilities. While the growth of environmental refugees has been the most significant in sub-Sahara Africa, other areas are also at heavy risk.Areas at risk that have been identified include: Yemen, China, Louisiana, Devalue, Jackrabbit, Bangladesh. Yemen may run out of water, China Is affect ed by the expansion of Gobo desert, Louisiana and Alaska are losing land to the sea at about 3 meters per year, Devalue or Jackrabbit are among the cost threatened, as they are situated only centimeters above water and Bangladesh may lose one-fifth of Its surface area due to rolling sea levels.Terrible predictions on environmental forced migration have been suggested also for other areas of the world, including Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Turkey, Vietnam, Niger, Ghana, Ecuador, Mexico, Argentina etc Regional Academy on the united Nations: Climate refugees in the 21st century: December 2012 report Case Study 1: Somalia; While the crisis that hit Somalia in 2011 was generally attributed to drought, other intriguing factors included ongoing conflict, violence and restrictions on aid organizations to operate In militia-controlled areas.More than 300,000 Somalis fled during the year, mostly to Ethiopia and Kenya, bringing the total of Somali refugees estimated that almost one third o f Somalia's population of 7. 5 million has been displaced. Case study II: Devalue. A nation in â€Å"God's Hands† The case with the small coral atoll nation of Devalue might be a perfect example to see the question with the climate refugees from a really deferent perspective.A Polynesian island state that consists f nine separate islands in the South Pacific Ocean spread over a very large area with only about 10,000 inhabitants in total has been attracting a lot of attention with its unique situation associated with climate change and the sea-level rise. Devalue belongs to the group of countries comprised entirely of low-lying islands and atolls – the highest point of the country is only 4. 6 meters above the sea level which evidently makes the sea-level rise a major concern for the Devaluation population. According to some estimation, there Is about a 68% probability of the sea level change between . And 2. 7 mm/year. Some researchers state that Devalue will be practi cally resources. Having no surface rivers, streams or lakes, the inhabitants' only option is to rely on rainwater. Therefore, long draughts (that have been more frequent in recent years) can be catastrophic to the nation. Observers state that land loss, shoreline retreat and coastal erosion are already affecting beach vegetation and mangrove forest in Devalue. At the same time, saline contamination of freshwater will affect human health, increasing chances of diseases. Devaluations deeply attached to heir land, families and culture and reluctant to leave their country.The UN does not consider Devaluations as refugees. Despite all the discussions on how important it is to fill the gaps in the international legal regime affecting â€Å"forcibly displaced persons†, the measures of the UN regarding the case with Devalue have been seen as ineffective. It has also been complicated by the fact that the position of the Devaluation government has resisted the inclusion of ‘reloc ation' in international agreements and has been stating a couple of times that â€Å"Devaluations will remain in Devalue† and were ailing the developed countries to reduce their emissions.Regardless of that aid Devalue is receiving from the ELI, it is notable that Europe is much less keen on cooperation and usually doesn't support Devalue when it is concerned with the emissions cuts and for taking responsibility for the climate change. The main difficulty in framing the issue is the normative gap in the legal framework as this category of people is yet not recognized under the international law. Another obstacle is the institutional gap, as there is no body currently mandated with responsibility for climate-induced displacement.

How to Get an Online Teaching Position

Teaching online can be very different from teaching in a traditional classroom. An instructor who accepts employment teaching online must be prepared to help students learn without face-to-face interaction and live discussion. Teaching online isn’t for everyone, but many instructors enjoy the freedom of virtual instruction and the opportunity to interact with students from around the nation. To find out if teaching online might be for you, explore the pros and cons of e-instruction, as well as the requirements necessary for becoming a virtual instructor and the ways you can find a job that allows you to reach and teach students right at your computer. Qualifying for Positions In order to qualify for a position teaching online, applicants must generally meet the same requirements as traditional teachers. At the high school level, online teachers must have a bachelor’s degree and a teaching license. At the community college  level, a master’s degree is the minimum requirement for teaching online. At the university level, a doctorate or other terminal degree is generally required. In some cases, colleges accept adjunct online professors without requiring them to meet the same standards as traditional, tenure-track teachers. (Teacher tenure, sometimes referred to as career status, provides job security for  teachers  who have successfully completed a probationary period.) Working professionals may also be able to land an online teaching position in relation to their chosen field. At every level of teaching online, schools seek candidates who are familiar with the internet and content management systems such as Blackboard. Prior experience with teaching online and instructional design are highly desirable. Pros and Cons Teaching online has many advantages. Virtual instructors are often able to work from anywhere they choose. You could get a job teaching online for a prestigious school in another state and not have to worry about relocating. Since many e-courses are taught asynchronously, instructors are often able to set their own hours. Additionally, instructors who make a living at online instruction are able to interact with pupils from around the nation. Teaching Nomad notes that teaching online offers a great availability of jobs, flexibility, simplicity and a close, personal connection to students. That last advantage may seem counterintuitive, but large class sizes at brick-and-mortar schools often can prevent instructors from getting to know all of their students. Online, however, since your hours and time are flexible, you can reach out to each of your students individually, get to know them and provide one-on-one help as needed. Using a computer also negates the need to print out hundreds of tests, quizzes and even syllabi and course outlines since all material is presented online. Teaching online, however, also comes with some drawbacks. Online instructors must sometimes teach a prepared curriculum, denying them the ability to use materials that have proved successful in past courses. Teaching online can be isolating, and many instructors prefer interacting face-to-face with their pupils and peers. Some schools do not value online adjunct teachers, which can result in less pay and less respect in the academic community. Best Places to Look Some colleges fill online teaching positions by selecting from the current faculty pool. Others post job descriptions specifically for instructors interested in teaching online. Not surprisingly, youll find most online teaching jobs where youd expect: online. For example, GetEducated, a free online counseling center for adult students as well as educators, offers seven websites that list multiple online teaching positions. When looking for positions on websites without a distance learning focus, simply type â€Å"online instructor,† â€Å"online teacher,† â€Å"online adjunct† or â€Å"distance learning† into the search box.

Mutli-Agent Based Modeling - 699 Words

Multi Agent System/Agent Based Modeling Multi-agent systems are among the methods used for modeling and simulating Natural Disaster emergencies. The terminology of Agent Based System tends to be used more often in the sciences and Multi Agent System in engineering and technology. The Agent Based System is gradually replacing the micro-simulation techniques and object-oriented simulation. Agent Based System has ability to capture different dynamic models which usually consist of simple entities or more complex entities. We have proposed a specific agent-based methodological framework allowing, from modeling to simulation, the production of observables at different levels of details related to a Natural Disaster organization. A Multi Agent System can model the behavior of a set of entities. Agents have a degree of autonomy and are immersed in an environment in which and with which they interact. Modelers can use Multi Agent System to create computer representations of dynamic events such as Natural Disaster emergency. Therefore, the application of Multi Agent System in this area could help managers to experiment all possible scenarios of a disaster and assist them in making decisions. A multi-agent based system is a powerful modeling technique for simulating individual interactions in a dynamic system and is distinctive in its ability to simulate situations with unpredictable behavior Earlier researches have focused on modeling of the rescue during Natural Disasters, butShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Of Production And Utilization4645 Words   |  19 Pagesresearch, the supply chain concept grew largely out of two-stage multi-echelon inventory models, and it is important to note that considerable progress has been made in the design and analysis of two-echelon systems. Most of the research in this area is based on the classic work of Clark and Scarf (1960) and Clark and Scarf (1962). The interested reader is referred to Federgruen (1993) and Bhatnagar, et. al. (1993) for comprehensive reviews of models of this type. More recent discussions of two-echelonRead MoreGlobalization Of Production And Consumption Builds Weight On Firms9648 Words   |  39 Pagesthe quantity of associations, while reliance alludes to subjective viewpoints, for example, the level and kind of interdependencies between connections (Standish, 2008). From the frameworks and system hypothesis points of view, supply chain is a mutli-dimensioned system of interconnected, reliant hubs with non-straight connections that plan to give worth to the client overall (Ivanov and Sokolov, 2009). By standing out this definition from the above meaning of many-sided quality we view supply chains